Thursday, February 27, 2014

UPDATE***************** Subject identified and arrested

Calvin White
Yesterday we sought the public's assistance in the identification of an individaul (see posting here) who assaulted two male victims as well as verbally attacked a 3 or 4 year old female on board a Red Line train. Subsequent to an investigation Transit Police detectives arrested Calvin White, 40 of Boston earlier today. White will be charged with two counts of Assault & Battery and Discorderly Conduct. It is expected White will be arraigned sometime this afternoon at Boston Municipal Court-Central Division. The Transit Police Department is grateful to all who  phoned in or sent anonymous tips relative to this case.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Maine man bites Transit Officer during arrest.

Reuben Thomas
On February 26, 2014 at approximately 7 pm Transit Police officers working in Area 1 received a radio call for an assault in progress at the Chinatown MBTA station. Upon arrival officers were met by the victim who informed them the male who assaulted him was now standing in the entrance way to the station. The victim further stated he has no prior relationship to the offending male and the assault was unprovoked. Officers approached the assailant, later identified as Rueben Thomas, 32 of Houlton, Maine, who was smoking from a cigarette and impeding the entrance to the station. Upon approach of the officers Thomas immediately became combative and hostile, he refused to comply with any request from the officers and undertook a fighting stance towards the them.

Officers attempted to remove Thomas from the entrance way and a violent struggle ensued during which Thomas bit one of the officers on his neck causing injury. Eventually officers were able to subdue Thomas and place him into custody. Thomas was transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected Thomas will be arraigned sometime today in Boston Municipal Court-Central Division on various Assault charges.

The officer was transported to a local area hospital for treatment and released.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Please help us ID this person

Transit Police Detectives are seeking the identity of the male subject depicted within. If you know the whereabouts or identity of this individual please contact our Criminal Investigations Unit at 617-222-1050. If you would like to assist our investigators but wish to remain anonymous you can always text us your tip to 873873 or use the anonymous feature on our SeeSay app.

On February 24, 2014 at approximately 2:35 pm the male subject depicted within this video, while riding on an inbound Red Line train, was harassing passengers on board the train. When the unidentified male subject turned his attention to an approximately 3 or 4 year old female child and began to berate her with foul langauge a male passenger intervened and stopped the harassment of the child. As the train pulled into Park Street station the offending unknown male assaulted the male who had intervened. An MBTA official, who witnessed the assault, came over to assist and he too was assaulted by the unknown male. The unknown male is described as a black male, approx age of 27-35 years old.
media inquiries should be directed to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

City Heroes comes to MBTA Training Facility


The City Heroes Program concluded this week at the MBTA Emergency Training Center (Broadway Station)                                                                             

City Heroes at MBTA training Facility
   In conjunction with the MBTA Training Department, Transit Police officers  provided a tour of the facility,   After an orientation, the participants  split into three groups which involved  30 minute rotations at separate training stations.  Station #1 will was run by a certified firearms instructor, who  demonstrated how an interactive video system (MILO) is used to train both recruits and veteran officers.  Station #2 was run by MBTA subway instructors, who  demonstrated how a Blue Line train is used for mock drills and emergency preparedness.  Station #3 was run by Officers Ostine, Antoine and Abany.  It  involved a Police Scenario training that is used with recruit officers.  In this station, the participants  played the role of the police officer!
 
The MBTA and the Transit Police Department is honored to participate in this most worthy program and we are committed to participate in the future.
 
tpdnews.

 

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Transit Police officers injured subduing violent offender.

Transit Police officers assaulted
On February 25, 2014 at approximately 3:30pm a female was the victim of an Indecent Assault & Battery that occurred on an Orange Line MBTA train as it approached Forest Hills station. When the train doors opened the male offender exited the train and began to walk away in the direction of the escalator. The victim stepped off the train and observed two Transit Police officers located on the platform. The victim immediately yelled out to the officers informing them of what had occurred and pointed out the offending male. The first officer was able to catch up to the male subject, later identified as Samoal Abdelmagid, 42 of Boston and grab hold of him as he attempted to flee.  A violent struggle ensued in the lobby of the station, Abdelmagid threw closed fisted strikes to the officer's face and head. The officer was able to prevent Abdelmagid from fleeing long enough until her partner joined in to help. At this time Abdelmagid continued his violent assault upon the officers, the officers attempted to utilize their OC spray to cease Abdelmagid's aggression to no avail. As a result of the struggle one officer fell injured to the ground and Abdelmagid again began to flee. The other officer pursued Abdelmagid and she prevented his escape long enough for responding units to arrive and take Abdelmagid into custody a short distance away.

Both officers sustained injuries as a direct result of Abdelmagid's physical attack and were transported to local area hospitals with NON life threatening injuries.

It is expected Abdelmagid will be arraigned sometime tomorrow at West Roxbury District Court for Indecent Assault & Battery and various assault charges.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Framingham man wanted for Assaulting a police officer arrested at MBTA Chinatown station

Robert O'Regan
On February 25, 2014 at approximately 12:38 am Transit Police officers working in Area 1 were addressing concerns from the community regarding individuals loitering in the entrance of Chinatown MBTA station. While there officers observed several people blocking the entrance and smoking. Officers approached the group to disperse them and subsequently discovered one of the males in the group, later identified as Robert O'Regan, 24 of Framingham had a warrant in existence for his arrest issued from Framingham District Court for Assault & Battery on a Police Officer and Disorderly Conduct. O'Regan was placed into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. The remaining members of the group left the area without further incident.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Monday, February 24, 2014

Point of Entry Policing- JFK UMass

Thomas Chronowski
On February 24, 2014 at approximately 10:45 am a Transit Police officer working in Area 3 was conducting Point of Entry Policing at the MBTA's JFK-UMass station. While there the officer observed a male, later identified as Thomas Chronowski, 27 of Billerica fare evade by "Piggybacking" in behind a paying customer. The officer approached Chronowski for the purpose of issuing a citation and subsequently discovered there were several warrants in existence for Chronowski's arrest issued from Lowell District Court for Larceny Over 250.00 (2 counts), Credit Card Fraud Over 250.00, Receiving Stolen Property, Larceny from a Building, Identity Fraud, Forgery of a Document and Uttering a False Document. Chronowski was taken into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. During this time officers discovered Chronowski was in possession of a Controlled Class A Substance to wit Heroin. Chronowski will be additionally charged for the Heroin possession, it is expected he will be arraigned in Dorchester District Court sometime on 02/25/2014.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Point of Entry Policing- Quincy Center MBTA

Lindsey Hurld
On February 23, 2014 at approximately 9:50 pm Transit Police officers working in Area 3 were conducting Point of Entry Policing at Quincy Center MBTA station. While there they observed a female, later identified as Lindsey Hurld, 30 of Dorchester fare evade by running through the fare gates as a patron was exiting. Officers approached Hurld for the purpose of issuing a citation and subsequently discovered there was a warrant in existence for Hurld's arrest issued out of Quincy District Court for Larceny Over 250.00. Hurld was placed into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process and issued a citation for fare evasion.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt

Trespasser struck in Billerica-Transit Police detectives investigating

Death Investigation
On February 24, 2014 at approximately 9:49 am Transit Police officers working in Area 2 received a radio call to respond to Billerica for a person possibly struck by an MBTA Commuter Rail train. Multiple Transit Police units responded along with Billerica Police and Fire. Transit Police personnel on scene report the following preliminary information; a white male, believed to be in his 20's, while trespassing on the right way of track 1 in the area of Pond Street in Billerica was struck by an MBTA Commuter Rail train. The male has been pronounced deceased as a result of injuries sustained. The commuter train (Lowell Line) had originated from North Station and was carrying approximately 26 passengers.

Transit Police Detectives along with representatives of the Middlesex District Attorney's Office are currently investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding the incident.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

Friday, February 21, 2014

Missing Person Alert

*******UPDATE**********UPDATE
Jeffrey Cooper has been located safe and sound on an MBTA Green Line Trolley. TPD reunited him with his mom. Thanks to all for looking out for Jeff.


Jeffrey Cooper is an autistic male, who has been reported missing from East Boston. Cooper was last seen on Thursday, February 20, 2014 at approximately 5:45pm.

Jeffrey Cooper is 19 yoa and is known to use the MBTA transportation system when he goes missing. Cooper is described as a black male, 6’01” in height, 160 lbs., dark complexion, and wearing a green Red Sox baseball cap, a red & gray jacket, blue jeans, a black backpack, blue superman watch on his left wrist, and grey high top sneakers.

 Cooper has been reported missing on the MBTA in the past and has been located on the MBTA. Cooper has a LoJack SafetyNet Device which has been activated.

Jeffrey Cooper
Jeffrey Cooper
 Anyone who comes in contact with Cooper is asked to immediately call MBTA Transit Police at 617-222-1212.
tpdnews.


Everett man arrested for dealing drugs on a Red Line train

Anthony Cogliano
On February 20, 2014 at approximately 3:55 pm Transit Police detectives were travelling on an inbound MBTA Red Line train. As the train was approaching South Station the detectives observed two males on board the train, later identified as Anthony Cogliano, 40 of Everett and John Burgoon, 25 of Dorchester, engage in a hand to hand drug transaction. Detectives removed both subjects from the train at South Station and placed Cogliano into custody for Distribution of a Controlled Class B Substance to wit Amphetamine and Possession with Intent to Distribute a Controlled Class B Substance to wit Amphetamine. Burgoon was placed into custody for Possession of a Controlled Class B Substance to wit Amphetamine. They were transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected both Cogliano and Burgoon will be arraigned sometime today in Boston Municipal Court-Central Division.


John Burgoon
media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Wednesday, February 19, 2014

Viktor's first video release & most likely his last.

Viktor stated it was a "Ruff" experience for him but he's ready to go back to work and help keep the MBTA safe. Thanks to everyone who expressed concerned !!! tpdnews.

Cambridge man Torments TPD K9- Arrested !!

Antonio Brown
On February 18, 2014 at approximately 7:50 pm a Transit Police officer along with his canine partner "Viktor" were stopped at a red light on Massachusetts Avenue at Washington Street. The officer and "Viktor" were in a conspicuously marked Transit Police K9 vehicle with the warning "Caution K9" adorned on the side. At this time there was a male, later identified as Antonio Brown, 25 of Cambridge, walking in the crosswalk. Inexplicably Brown diverted from the crosswalk and proceeded along the side of the TPD cruiser. Brown stopped at the rear window, where "Viktor" was located, and began to hiss, grunt and bark at "Victor". These actions caused "Viktor" to become excited/agitated and jump and spin about. "Viktor" suffered a small laceration next to his left eye which required treatment from his handler.

The officer immediately exited from his cruiser but Brown quickly fled laughing as he was running away.  Brown entered a vehicle and drove away. The officer was able to catch up to Brown and initiate a stop of his motor vehicle. Brown was placed into custody for Willfully Tormenting a Police Dog and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected Brown will be arraigned sometime today in Boston Municipal Court-Central Division.

Viktor

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Point of Entry Policing-MBTA Mass Ave

Christopher Keefe
On February 18, 2014 at approximately 6:55 pm plainclothes Transit Police officers working in Area 4 were conducting Point of Entry Policing at Mass Ave MBTA station when their attention was drawn to a male, later identified as Christopher Keefe, 28 of Braintree. Keefe had approached an MBTA Customer Service Agent and informed her he was an "Active Duty" member of the US Armed Forces and wanted to gain access into the station without paying his proper fare. Officers approached Keefe and identified themselves and requested to see Keefe's military ID. Upon further conversation officers ascertained Keefe was not an active duty military member and subsequently discovered there was a warrant for Keefe's arrest issued from Quincy District Court for Assault & Battery on a Elderly Person. Keefe was placed into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process.


John Hamilton
Also on February 18, 2014 approximately 20 minutes prior to the above described incident officers observed a male, later identified as John Hamilton, 39 of Dorchester fare evade by "piggybacking" in behind a paying customer at the Mass Ave MBTA station. Officers approached Hamilton for the purpose of issuing him a citation and subsequently discovered there were two warrants in existence for Hamilton's arrest issued from Dorchester District Court for Violation of a Abuse Prevention Order and from Newton District Court for Open and Gross Lewdness. Hamilton was placed into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.




Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Can I punch you in the mouth ???????

On February 15, 2014 at approximately 9:50 am Transit Police officers working in Area 3 received a radio call to respond to Blue Hill Avenue and Columbia Road for a report of a disorderly man onboard a Route 22 bus. Upon arrival officers were met by the MBTA bus operator who pointed out a male, who was now walking on Blue Hill Avenue, and informed them of the following; the male, later identified as Joel Casanova, 34 of Dorchester, boarded his bus on Blue Hill Avenue @ Charlotte Street and began to harass a female passenger. The female passenger requested she be left alone and Casanova relocated to the rear of the bus and began to shout profanities and threats directed at the bus operator without provocation. Shortly thereafter Casanova rose from his seat and charged towards the bus operator while the bus was in operation. The operator fearing for his safety as well as that of the passengers stopped the bus. Upon reaching the bus operator, who was still seated, Casanova forcefully pushed the operators head into the the driver's side window. Casanova then fled the bus.
Joel Casanova
Officers caught up to Casanova  who appeared to be intoxicated, Casanova stated his desire to "punch the operator in the mouth". When informed that would not be possible Casanova inquired of the officer if he (Casanova) could "punch" the officer in the mouth instead.

Casanova was placed into custody for Interfering with Public Transportation and Assault & Battery on a Public Employee. It is expected Casanova will be arraigned sometime today in Dorchester District Court.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Saturday, February 15, 2014

Shooting at Ruggles Station-Arrest made Firearm recovered.

Firearm Recovered-Arrest Made
On February 14, 2014 at approximately 8:49 pm Transit Police officers working in Area 4 received a radio call to respond to Ruggles MBTA station for a report of "shots fired" in the vicinity of the lower busway. Upon arrival officers located a 34 year old male victim suffering from an apparent NON life threatening gun shot wound to the calf. Also at this time Boston Police located a 20 year old male victim suffering from an apparent NON life threatening gun shot wound to the hand and thigh area on Tremont Street just outside of Ruggles Station.  Both victims were transported to local area hospitals by Boston EMS for treatment.

Subsequent to a joint investigation by Transit and Boston Police Terrell Harris, 19 of Dorchester was arrested shortly after the incident for Assault&Battery w/Dangerous Weapon to wit Firearm 2 counts and Unlawful Possession of a Firearm. Harris was transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process and is expected to be arraigned sometime on Tuesday February 18, 2014 in Roxbury District Court.

Based on preliminary information we believe the incident occurred in the lower busway area and one of the victims fled out onto Tremont Street. The victims were NOT together and have NO prior relationship. It appears the 34 year old male victim was not the intended target.

Transit Police detectives are currently investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding the incident.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Friday, February 14, 2014

MBTA performing Legend !!

Like most folks who ride the MBTA frequently we at tpdnews have come across some interesting people on the T. We have also witnessed some amazing entertainers in our underground world. One such artist is an MBTA performing legend ! Any regular MBTA rider who passes through Downtown Crossing (Red or Orange Line) is familiar with the soothing voice of this fine gentleman.
Credit: Muddy Waters recorded in Chicago 1955 tpdnews.

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Should have quit while he was ahead !!

Sean Burke
On February 10, 2014 at approximately 1:50 pm a Transit Police officer working in Area 3 was patrolling the MBTA's JFK UMass station when they observed a male, later identified as Sean Burke, 29 of North Reading smoking a cigarette in close proximity to a "No Smoking" sign. The officer approached Burke and requested he extinguish his cigarette. Burke complied then exited the station. Shortly thereafter Burke returned and approached the officer and requested he be allowed to enter through the fare gates without paying and as the conversation continued Burke insisted he did not have to pay.

Subsequently the officer soon discovered there were several outstanding warrants in existence for Burke's arrest issued from Lowell District Court for Receiving Stolen Property, Larceny, Possession of a Class E drug and Woburn District Court for Possession of a Class A drug. As the officer attempted to place Burke into custody he forcefully pushed the officer and fled out of the station and onto Columbia Road. Several other Transit Police units responded and ultimately located Burke hiding inside Tedeschi's on Dorchester Avenue. Burke was placed into custody and transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected Burke will be arraigned sometime today in Dorchester District Court for resisting arrest.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Sunday, February 9, 2014

Missing Person Alert

Darlene Whittier
Darlene Whittier was reported missing to the Boston Police on February 3, 2014.  Ms. Whittier, 62, suffers from mental illness, but she is familiar with public transportation and knows how to use the phone. Ms. Darlene Whittier is able to communicate verbally and advocate for herself.  She is described as an African American female, 5’6”, brown hair and eyes. If you see Darlene Whittier while traveling on the MBTA please contact us immediately at 617-222-1212. Otherwise contact the Boston Police Area B-3 (Mattapan) Detectives at 617-343-4712.

media inquiries relative to this posting should be directed to the Boston Police Department.

tpdnews. 

inquiries for tpdnews should be directed to tpdnews@mbta.com 

Friday, February 7, 2014

Electronic Device Robbery Advisory- MBTA

Electronic Device Advisory
From 01/01/2014 through 02/06/2014 there have been 25 robberies on the MBTA where electronic devices were specifically targeted, most notably smartphones.  Fifteen (15) of the 25 have occurred on the Red Line. Our detectives have worked tirelessly and have identified and/or arrested the majority of the offenders responsible.
(NOTE: During this same time period last year there were 23 electronic device robberies that had occurred on the MBTA).

Unfortunately, thefts of smart phones/electronic devices (most notably Apple products) is a nationwide trend. This trend often referred to as "Apple Picking" is for the most part a crime of opportunity. However there are things you can do to minimize the chances of being victimized while traveling on the T.

  • If possible avoid using your phone while on the MBTA except in cases of emergency/reporting via SeeSay or 911
  • Conceal expensive electronic equipment
  • Change the color of the ear buds, would be thieves look for the distinctive white ear plugs of Apple
  • Refrain from listening to music or wearing headphones while riding the system
  • Be aware of your surroundings at all times especially if you are using your electronic device
  • Be aware that most robberies of electronic devices occur near the train doors JUST as it enters the station.
  • Be alert for staged distractions
In the unfortunate event you are a victim DO NOT resist, things can be replaced. Try to stay calm, hand over your device and attempt to observe the physical characteristics of the perpetrator so you can describe him/her later. Contact the Transit Police as soon as possible (immediately if practicable) after the event and report the incident. Our detectives will work diligently to get your property back and apprehend the offender. Also, if you have not done so already please passcode protect your iPhone, enable Find My iPhone and lastly download a Remote Data Wipe for iPhone. For more information or tips to protect yourself call the Transit Police Special Crimes Unit at 617-222-1170.

Transit Police Chief Paul MacMillan stated " public awareness campaigns are an invaluable tool in our goal to reduce thefts of iPhones and other electronic devices on the MBTA. Enforcement alone will not work, we need to remind our MBTA community they can take definitive steps to guard themselves from being victimized". 


tpdnews. media inquiries should be directed to tpdnews@mbta.com

Thursday, February 6, 2014

Man indecently assaults two females on Green Line. Recognize him ??

Transit Police Detectives are seeking the identity of the male subject depicted within. If you know the whereabouts or identity of this individual please contact our Criminal Investigations Unit at 617-222-1050. If you would like to assist our investigators but wish to remain anonymous you can always text us your tip to 873873 or use the anonymous feature on our SeeSay app.

On Wednesday, January 15, 2014, at approximately 6:15 PM, the male subject depicted within, indecently assaulted two female patrons onboard an inbound, Green Line (E) Trolley,  between Longwood and Copley MBTA Stations.

media inquiries should be directed to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

DTC Stolen credit card use. Recognize him ?

Transit Police Detectives are seeking the identity of the male subject depicted within. If you know the whereabouts or identity of this individual please contact our Criminal Investigations Unit at 617-222-1050. If you would like to assist our investigators but wish to remain anonymous you can always text us your tip to 873873 or use the anonymous feature on our SeeSay app.

On Thursday, January 23, 2014, at approximately 9:12 a.m., the subject depicted within was captured on surveillance video, fraudulently using a stolen credit card at the Temple Place entrance of Downtown Crossing MBTA Station.
The subject is described as:
A black male, medium build, wearing a black knit cap inside out with its white tag sticking out, a grey winter jacket, blue jeans and brown work boots


media inquiries should be directed to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

Monday, February 3, 2014

Level 3 Sex Offender Arrested at MBTA Back Bay

Daniel Williams
On February 3, 2014 at approximately 12:32 am Transit Police officers working in Area 1 received a radio call to respond to MBTA Back Bay station for a report of a man exposing himself and committing a lewd act on the Orange Line platform. Officers were also provided with a description of the offending male subject by the reporting party. Upon arrival officers located a male matching the description furnished and approached him. The male provided the officers with several false names and social security numbers. Ultimately officers were able to ascertain the man's true identity and it became obvious to the officers why he was attempting to mislead them. Daniel Williams, 55 of Boston is a Level 3 Sex Offender who was in violation of the registration laws. Williams was placed into custody for Failing to Register as a Level 3 Sex Offender and was transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected Williams will be arraigned sometime today in Boston Municipal Court-Central Division.


media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Saturday, February 1, 2014

Medford man arrested selling "Molly" at South Station

Brendan Daddario
On January 31, 2014 at approximately 9 pm Transit Police detectives while at the MBTA's South Station Commuter Rail did place Brendan Daddario, 24 of Medford, into custody after he sold/distributed a Controlled Class B Substance; to wit MDMA aka "Molly". Daddario was transported to Transit Police HQ for the arrest booking process. It is expected Daddario will be arraigned sometime on Monday 02/03/2014 in Boston Municipal Court-Central Division.

media inquiries should be sent to tpdnews@mbta.com

tpdnews.

The events listed above are allegations; All defendants are presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.